Directions for the following 3 (three) Question:
*Read the following passage and answer the items that follow the passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passage only.*
*Passage-1*
*The poverty line is quite unsatisfactory when it comes to grasping the extent of poverty in India. It is not only because of its extremely narrow definition of who is poor’ and the debatable methodology used to count the poor, but also because of a more fundamental assumption underlying it. It exclusively relies on the notion of poverty as insufficient income or insufficient purchasing power. One can better categorize it by calling it income poverty.*
*If poverty is ultimately about deprivations affecting human well-being, then income poverty is only one aspect of it. Poverty of a life, in our view, lies not merely in the impoverished state in which the person actually lives, but also in the lack of real opportunity given by social constraints as well as personal circumstances to choose other types of living.*
*Even the relevance of low incomes, meagre possessions, and other aspects of what are standardly seen as economic poverty relate ultimately to their role in curtailing capabilities, i.e., their role in severely restricting the choices people have to lead variable and valued lives.*
Q. 86. Why is the methodology adopted in India to count the ‘poor’ debatable?
(A) There is some confusion regarding what should constitute the ‘poverty line’.
(B) There are wide diversities in the condition of the rural and urban poor.
(C) There is no uniform global standard for measuring income poverty.
(D) It is based on the proposition of poverty as meagre income or buying capacity.
Answer:
Explanation:
Q. 87. Why is income poverty only one measure of counting the ‘poor’?
(A) It talks of only one kind of deprivation ignoring all others.
(B) Other deprivations in a human life have nothing to do with lack of purchasing power.
(C) Income poverty is not a permanent condition; it changes from time to time.
(D) Income poverty restricts human choices only at a point of time.
Answer:
Explanation:
Q. 88. What does the author mean by ‘poverty of a life’?
(A) All deprivations in a human life which stem not only from lack of income but lack of real opportunities
(B) Impoverished state of poor people in rural and urban areas
(C) Missed opportunities in diverse personal circumstances
(D) Material as well as non-material deprivations in a human life which restrict human choices permanently
Answer:
Explanation:
Directions for the following 2 (two) items:
*Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow the passages. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.*
*Passage-1*
*In India, while the unemployment rate is a frequently used measure of poor performance of the economy, under conditions of rising school and college enrolment, it paints an inaccurate picture.*
*The reported unemployment rate is dominated by the experience of younger Indians who face higher employment challenges and exhibit greater willingness to wait for the right job than their older peers. The unemployment challenge is greater for people with secondary or higher education, and rising education levels inflate unemployment challenges.*
Q. 89. Which one of the following statements most likely reflects as to what the author of the passage intends to say?
(A) Enrolment in schools and colleges is high but there is no quality education.
(B) Unemployment must be seen as a function of rising education and aspirations of young Indians.
(C) There are no labour-intensive industries to accommodate the huge number unemployed people.
(D) The education system should be properly designed so as to enable the educated people to be self-employed.
Answer:
Explanation:
*Passage – 2*
*”Science by itself is not enough, there must be a force and discipline outside the sciences to coordinate them and point to a goal. It is not possible to run a course aright when the goal itself has not been rightly placed. What science needs is philosophy the analysis of scientific method and the coordination of scientific purposes and results; without this, any science must be superficial. Government suffers, precisely like science, for lack of philosophy. Philosophy bears to science the same relationship which statesmanship bears to politics: movement guided by total knowledge and perspective, as against aimless and individual seeking. Just as the pursuit of knowledge becomes scholasticism when divorced from the actual needs of men and life, so the pursuit of politics becomes a destructive bedlam when divorced from science and philosophy.”*
Q. 90. Which one of the following statements best reflects the most rational, logical and practical message conveyed by the passage?
(A) Modern statesmen need to be well trained in scientific methods and philosophical thinking to enable them to have a better perspective of their roles, responsibilities and goals.
(B) It is not desirable to have Governments managed by empirical statesmen unless well mixed with others who are grounded in learning and reflect wisdom.
(C) As the statesmen bureaucrats are the products of a society, it is desirable to have a system of education in a society that focuses on training its citizens in scientific method and philosophical thinking from a very early age.
(D) It is desirable that all scientists need to be philosophers as well to make their work goal-oriented and thus purposeful and useful to the society.
Answer:
Explanation: