76. Who said that, “State is an organ of class rule, an organ for the oppression of one class by another”?
(A) Marx
(B) Lenin
(C) Gramsci
(D) Mao
Answer:
(B) Lenin
Explanation:
Vladimir Lenin wrote this famous definition in his seminal 1917 work The State and Revolution, expanding on Marxist theory regarding the nature of the state.
77. Which institution in a federal system is called ‘Balancing Wheel of the Constitution’?
(A) Legislature
(B) Executive
(C) Judiciary
(D) Press
Answer:
(C) Judiciary
Explanation:
The Judiciary acts as the balancing wheel in a federal system by interpreting the constitution and resolving legal disputes between the central government and the constituent states.
78. The emphasis of Indian federation is on:
(A) Division of powers
(B) Strength of states
(C) Compromise with nationalities
(D) Unity of the nation
Answer:
(D) Unity of the nation
Explanation:
The Indian Constitution establishes a federal structure with a strong unitary bias, heavily emphasizing the unity and integrity of the nation over absolute state autonomy.
79. Which of the following countries has the beginning of Bureaucracy in the ‘spoil system”?
(A) U.K
(B) U.S.A
(C) India
(D) France
Answer:
(B) U.S.A
Explanation:
The “spoils system” (or patronage system) was famously associated with the United States in the 19th century, particularly under President Andrew Jackson, where political supporters were rewarded with public office.
80. Who preside over the oath of Vice President of India?
(A) President
(B) Secretary of Lok Sabha
(C) Chief Justice of India
(D) Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer:
(A) President
Explanation:
According to Article 69 of the Indian Constitution, the oath of office to the Vice-President is administered by the President of India or some person appointed by him for that purpose.
