The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle is widely regarded as the father of Political Science due to his foundational work Politics, where he systematically analyzed different political systems.
72. Fascism believes in the application of the principle of-
(A) Dictatorship
(B) Utilitarianism
(C) Democracy
(D) Totalitarianism
Answer:
(D) Totalitarianism
Explanation:
Fascism is fundamentally a totalitarian ideology, where the state seeks absolute, centralized control over all aspects of public and private life.
73. Liberalism stands for :
(A) movement and attitude
(B) Self-emancipation
(C) Freedom in social, political and economic aspects
(D) Religious orthodoxy
Answer:
(C) Freedom in social, political and economic aspects
Explanation:
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed, and equality before the law, emphasizing comprehensive freedom across social, political, and economic spheres.
74. Who said that Directive Principles are “aimed at furthering the goals of the social revolution or to foster this revolution by establishing the conditions necessary for its achievement”?
(A) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
(B) N. Rau
(C) Granville Austin
(D) M. C. Chagla
Answer:
(C) Granville Austin
Explanation:
The prominent American historian Granville Austin described the Indian Constitution—specifically the Directive Principles and Fundamental Rights—as the “conscience of the Constitution” aimed at fostering a social revolution.
75. Who among the following maintains that persons carried into the state their natural rights from the state of nature?
(A) Plato
(B) Locke
(C) Rousseau
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Locke
Explanation:
John Locke posited that individuals possess inherent natural rights (life, liberty, and property) in the state of nature, and these are carried over and protected when they enter into a political society (the state).
