131. The expression ‘Socialist’ was introduced in the Preamble of Indian Constitution by which amendment?
(a) 42 Amendment
(b) 44 Amendment
(c) 46 Amendment
(d) 74 Amendment
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(a) 42 Amendment
Explanation:
The words ‘Socialist’ and ‘Secular’ were added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976.
132. President of India exercises his powers
(a) either directly or through officers subordinate to him
(b) through Ministers
(c) through Prime Minister
(d) through Cabinet
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(a) either directly or through officers subordinate to him
Explanation:
Article 53(1) of the Constitution states, “The executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.” This is the most precise constitutional description.
133. The ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ is prepared and published by
(a) World Trade Organisation
(b) World Bank Group
(c) United Nations
(d) European Nations
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(b) World Bank Group
Explanation:
The Ease of Doing Business Index was an annual ranking prepared and published by the World Bank Group that measured regulations affecting business operations. (Note: The report has been discontinued since 2021).
134. Which one of the following measures is not likely to aid in improving India’s Balance of Payment position?
(a) Promotion of Import Substitution Policy
(b) Devaluation of rupee
(c) Imposition of higher tariff on imports
(d) Levying of higher duties on exports
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(d) Levying of higher duties on exports
Explanation:
To improve the Balance of Payments, a country must increase its exports or decrease its imports. Levying higher duties on exports makes them more expensive for foreign buyers, which would likely decrease export volumes and worsen the BoP position.
135. Service tax was introduced in India on the recommendation of:
(a) Kelkar Committee
(b) Raja J. Challiah Committee
(c) Manmohan Singh Committee
(d) Yashwant Sinha Committee
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(b) Raja J. Challiah Committee
Explanation:
Service tax was introduced in India in 1994 based on the recommendations of the Tax Reforms Committee headed by Dr. Raja J. Chelliah.
136. As per Census 2011, which state has the lowest sex-ratio?
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Bihar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(b) Haryana
Explanation:
According to the 2011 Census, Haryana had the lowest sex ratio among all Indian states, with just 879 females per 1000 males.
137. The economist who for the first time scientifically determined National Income in India:
(a) D.R. Gadgil
(b) V.K.R.V. Rao
(c) Manmohan Singh
(d) Y.V.Alagh
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(b) V.K.R.V. Rao
Explanation:
While Dadabhai Naoroji made the first attempt, Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao is credited with making the first scientific and systematic estimation of India’s national income in the 1930s.
138. The percentage of decadal growth of population during 2001-2011 as per Census 2011 is:
(a) 21.54
(b) 17.64
(c) 15.89
(d) 19.21
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(b) 17.64
Explanation:
The decadal growth rate of India’s population for the period 2001-2011 was 17.64% (often rounded to 17.7%), a decline from the 21.54% recorded in the previous decade.
139. Which of the following is not a cash crop?
(a) Jute
(b) Groundnut
(c) Jowar
(d) Sugarcane
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(c) Jowar
Explanation:
A cash crop is grown for sale and profit. Jute, groundnut, and sugarcane are classic cash crops. Jowar (sorghum) is a coarse grain or millet, primarily grown as a food crop for subsistence or local consumption.
140. First Five Year Plan of India was based on the
(a) Harrod Domar Model
(b) Mahalanobis Model
(c) DadabhaiNaroji Model
(d) J.L. Nehru Model
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
Correct Answer:
(a) Harrod Domar Model
Explanation:
The First Five Year Plan (1951-1956) was based on the Harrod-Domar model, which emphasized the role of savings and capital investment in economic growth. The Second Plan was based on the Mahalanobis model.
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